Construction Materials and Management

Initial Cost (P) = 1,60,000
Salvage value (SV) = 10,000
Useful life (n) = 5 Year
Straight Line Method:

Annual depreciation (D),
D=\frac{P-SV}{n}=\frac{1,60,000-10,000}{5}=30,000
Book value after 4 year (BV_4)=P-4D=1,60,000-4(30,000)=40,000
SOY Method (Sum of year Digit)
\begin{aligned} SOY&=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}=\frac{5 \times 6}{2}=15 \\ d_m&=\frac{n-(m-1)}{SOY} \\ D_m&=(P-SV) \times d_m \\ BV_m&=BV_{m-1}-D_m \\ d_1&= \frac{5-(1-1)}{15}=\frac{5}{15}\\ D_1&= (1,60,000-10,000) \times \frac{5}{15} \\ &=50,000\\ d_2&=\frac{4}{15} ; \;\;D_2=40,000\\ d_3&=\frac{3}{15} ; \;\;D_3=30,000\\ d_4&=\frac{2}{15} ; \;\;D_4=20,000\\ d_5&=\frac{2}{15} ; \;\;D_2=10,000\\ BV_0&=1,60,000 \\ BV_1&=1,60,000 -50,000=1,10,000 \\ BV_2&=1,10,000 -40,000=70,000 \\ BV_3&=70,000 -30,000=40,000 \\ BV_4&=40,000 -20,000=20,000 \\ BV_5&=20,000 -10,000=10,000 \\ \end{aligned}

Difference of book value obtained in two methods = 40,000-20,000=20,000

Project duration = 56 days.

Option 1 technical bid is opened first

Opening of Tender
First technical bid is opened and after ensuring that all the technical aspects of a contractor are in order than only financial bid is opened
1. Envelope 1 ( Technical bid )

1. Cover letter
2. Registration Details
3. Pre-qualification documents
4. Earnest money deposit
5. Assumptions & Deviations in making of tender
6. Drawings

2. Envelope 2 (Financial Bid)

1. Forms of tender

Option 1 Increase strength and durability.
The process of drying of timber is known as seasoning.
Natural tree has more the 50% weight of water of its dry weight.
If we directly use this timber the because of irregular drying internal stresses will develop between fibres of timber and it will develop lots of defects (warps, shakes etc).

\begin{aligned} F_{T_{V}} &=T_{L_{j}}-T_{E_{i}}-t_{i_{j}} \\ &=20-18-2 \\ &=0 \end{aligned}

SD(\sigma )=\frac{6 \times (1.02-1.058)^2+ 12 \times (1.04-1.058)^2 +3 \times (1.06-1.058)^2 + 6 \times (1.10-1.058)^2 +3 \times (1.12-1.058)^2}{30}=0.034
Markup is 8%
Z=\frac{T-mean}{SD}=\frac{1.08-1.058}{0.034}=0.647
By general understanding of normal distribution table.
Corresponding to Z=0.647 and 8% mark up we get probability of 0.2668=26.68%
Which is more than 0% bu less tahn 50%.

Direct Costs = 160000
Indirect costs = 20000
Mark up applied is 10% of the Bid price
Bid price = Direct cost + Indirect cost + Markup
Bid price = Direct cost + Indirect cost + \frac{10}{100} \times Bid price
\text{Bid price}\left (1-\frac{10}{100} \right )=DC+IC
\text{Bid price}=\frac{160000+20000}{0.9}=2,00,000

The Gypsum is added to cement at the end of grinding clinker it is added to prevent quick setting.

Indirect cost = Rs. 5000
Crashing possibility = 18 - 17 = 1 day
To reduce the project duration by 1 day, the following options available.

Best option : Crashing 'R' by 1 day.
After crashing 'R' by 1 day, the new network is as for follows.

The reduce the project duration by 1 day

After crashing Q & R by 1 day, the new network is as follows.

Total project cost = Total normal cost + crashing cost of 'R' by 1 day + crashing cost of Q & R by 1 day + Indirect cost/day ? Project duration
= 15000 + 6000 + 8000 + 7000 + 6000 + 4000 + 20000 + 750 ? 1 + 2750 x 1 + 5000 x 16 = 1,49,500 /-

Vicat apparatus is used to determine the normal consistancy, IST, FST of cement.