GATE CE 2005

With the given order we can say that order of matrices are as follows:
\begin{aligned} X^{T} &\rightarrow 3\times 4 \\ Y & \rightarrow 4\times 3 \\ X^{T}Y & \rightarrow 3\times 3 \\ \left ( X^{T}Y \right )^{-1} & \rightarrow 3\times 3 \\ P & \rightarrow 2\times 3 \\ P^{T} & \rightarrow 3\times 2 \\ P\left ( X^{T}Y \right )^{-1}P^{T} & \rightarrow \left ( 2\times 3 \right )\left ( 3\times 3 \right )\left ( 3\times 2 \right ) \\ & \rightarrow 2\times 2 \\ \therefore\;\; \left ( P\left ( X^{T}Y \right )^{-1}P^{T} \right )^{T} & \rightarrow 2\times 2 \end{aligned}

In an over determined system having more equations than variables, it is necessary to have consistent unique solution, by definition.

(A) is true since
\frac{Z_{1}}{Z_{2}}=\frac{Z_{1}\bar{Z_{2}}}{Z_{2}\bar{Z_{2}}}=\frac{Z_{1}\bar{Z_{2}}}{\left | Z_{2} \right |^{2}}
(B) is true by triangle inequality of complex number.
(C) is not true since \left | Z_{1}-Z_{2} \right |\geq \left | Z_{1} \right |-\left | Z_{2} \right |
(D) is true since
\begin{aligned}\left | Z_{1}+Z_{2} \right |^{2}&=\left ( Z_{1}+Z_{2} \right )\left ( \overline{Z_{1}+Z_{2}} \right ) \\ &=\left ( Z_{1}+Z_{2} \right )\left ( \bar{Z_{1}}+\bar{Z_{2}} \right ) \\ &=Z_{1}\bar{Z_{1}}+Z_{2}\bar{Z_{2}}+Z_{2}\bar{Z_{1}}+Z_{1}\bar{Z_{2}} \;\;...(i)\\ \left | Z_{1}-Z_{2} \right |^{2}&=\left ( Z_{1}+Z_{2} \right )\left ( \overline{Z_{1}-Z_{2}} \right ) \\ &=\left ( Z_{1}-Z_{2} \right )\left ( \bar{Z_{1}}-\bar{Z_{2}} \right ) \\ &=Z_{1}\bar{Z_{1}}+Z_{2}\bar{Z_{2}}-Z_{2}\bar{Z_{1}}-Z_{1}\bar{Z_{2}}\;\;...(ii)\end{aligned}
Adding (i) and (ii) we get,
\left | Z_{1}+Z_{2} \right |^{2}+\left | Z_{1}-Z_{2} \right |^{2}=2Z_{1}\bar{Z_{2}}+2Z_{2}\bar{Z_{2}} =2\left | Z_{1} \right |^{2}+2\left | Z_{2} \right |^{2}

A, B, C are true
(D) is not true since in a negatively skewed distribution, mode \gt median \gt mean