# Source of Water Supply, Distribution System and Well Hydraulics

 Question 1
A lake has a maximum depth of 60 m. If the mean atmospheric pressure in the lake region is 91 kPa and the unit weight of the lake water is $9790 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$, the absolute pressure (in kPa,round off to two decimal places) at the maximum depth of the lake is ___________
 A 678.4 B 258.6 C 458.2 D 125.9
GATE CE 2021 SET-2   Environmental Engineering
Question 1 Explanation:
Absolute pressure at maximum depth of the lake $=P_{\text {atm }}+\rho g h$
$=91+\frac{9790(60)}{1000}=678.4 \mathrm{kPa}$
 Question 2
Dupuit's assumptions are valid for
 A artesian aquifer B confined aquifer C leaky aquifer D unconfined aquifer
GATE CE 2018 SET-2   Environmental Engineering
Question 2 Explanation:
Dupuit's theory assumptions hold that groundwater flows horizontally in an unconfined aquifer and that ground water discharge is propotional to saturated aquifer thickness.
 Question 3
A tracer takes 100 days to travel from Well-1 to Well-2 which are 100 m apart. The elevation of water surface in Well-2 is 3m below that in Well-1. Assuming porosity equal to 15%, the coefficient of permeability (expressed in m/day) is
 A 0.3 B 0.45 C 1 D 5
GATE CE 2016 SET-2   Environmental Engineering
Question 3 Explanation:
Seepage velocity,
\begin{aligned} V_{s}&=\frac{v}{n}=\frac{\text { distance }}{\text { time }}\\ \text{as per Darcy},\\ v &=k i \\ \frac{k i}{n} &=\frac{100 \mathrm{m}}{100 \mathrm{days}} \\ i &=\frac{\text { head difference }}{\text { length }}=\frac{3}{100} \\ \frac{k \times 3}{0.15 \times 100} &=\frac{100}{100} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{day} \\ k &=5 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{day} \end{aligned}
 Question 4
Water table of an aquifer drops by 100 cm over an area of 1000$km^{2}$. The porosity and specific retention of the aquifer material are 25% and 5%, respectively. The amount of water (expressed in $km^{3}$ ) drained out from the area is ______ .
 A 0.2 B 0.3 C 0.5 D 0.7
GATE CE 2016 SET-2   Environmental Engineering
Question 4 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} S_{\mathrm{r}}+S_{\mathrm{y}} &=n \\ \frac{5}{100}+\frac{V_{\mathrm{w}}}{10^{3} \times 10^{6} \times 1} &=\frac{25}{100} \\ V_{\mathrm{w}} &=0.2 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{m}^{3}=0.2 \mathrm{km}^{3} \end{aligned}
 Question 5
The relationship between porosity ($\eta$), specific yield ($S_{y}$) and specific retention ($S_{r}$) of an unconfined aquifer is:
 A $S_{y}+S_{r}=\eta$ B $S_{y}+\eta=S_{r}$ C $S_{r}+\eta=S_{y}$ D $S_{r}+S_{y}+\eta=1$
GATE CE 2015 SET-2   Environmental Engineering
 Question 6
In an aquifer extending over 150 hectare, the water table was 20m below ground level. Over a period of time the water table dropped to 23m below the ground level. If the porosity of aquifer is 0.40 and the specific retention is 0.15, what is the change in ground water storage of the aquifer?
 A 67.5 ha-m B 112.5 ha-m C 180.0 ha-m D 450.0 ha-m
GATE CE 2011   Environmental Engineering
Question 6 Explanation:
We know that,
\begin{aligned} n&=S_{y}+S_{r} \\ \Rightarrow\quad S_{y}&=S_{t}-n=0.15-0.40=-0.25 \end{aligned}
The negative sign signifies the decrease in storage. Change in volume of aquifer
$=150 \times(23-20)=450 \mathrm{ha}-\mathrm{m}$
Specific yield is nothing but the actual volume of water that can be extracted by force of gravity from a unit volume of aquifer.
$\therefore$Change in water storage
$=450 \times 0.25=112.5 \mathrm{ha}-\mathrm{m}$
 Question 7
A well of diameter 20 cm fully penetrates a confined aquifer. After a long period of pumping at rate of 2720 litres per minute, the observations of drawdown taken at 10 m and 100 m distances from the centre of the well are found to be 3m and 0.5m respectively. The transmissivity of the aquifer is
 A 676$m^{2}/day$ B 576$m^{2}/day$ C 526$m^{2}/day$ D 249$m^{2}/day$
GATE CE 2010   Environmental Engineering
Question 7 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} Q &=\frac{2 \pi T\left(s_{1}-s_{2}\right)}{\ln \left(\frac{r_{2}}{r_{1}}\right)} \\ T &=\frac{2720 \times 10^{-3} \times 24 \times 60 \times \ln \left(\frac{100}{10}\right)}{2 \times \pi \times(3-0.5)} \\ &=574.26 \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{day} \simeq 576 \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{day} \end{aligned}
 Question 8
The relationship among specific yield ($S_{y}$), specific retention ($S_{r}$) and porosity ($\eta$) of an aquifer is
 A $S_{y}=S_{r}+\eta$ B $S_{y}=S_{r}-\eta$ C $S_{y}=\eta-S_{r}$ D $S_{y}=S_{r}+2\eta$
GATE CE 2009   Environmental Engineering
 Question 9
A volume of $3.0 \times 10^{6} m^{3}$ of groundwater was pumped form an unconfined aquifer uniformly from an area of 5 $km^{2}$. The pumping lowered the water table form initial level of 102 m to 99 m. The specific yield of the aquifer is
 A 0.2 B 0.3 C 0.4 D 0.5
GATE CE 2008   Environmental Engineering
Question 9 Explanation:
Specific yield
\begin{aligned} &=\frac{\begin{array}{c} \text{Volume of water pumped }\\\text { out of the aquifer }\end{array}}{\text { Total volume of aquifer }} \\ &=\frac{3.0 \times 10^{6}}{5 \times 10^{6} \times(102-99)}=0.20 \end{aligned}
 Question 10
For steady flow to a fully penetrating well in a confined aquifer, the drawdowns at radial distances of $r_{1}$ and $r_{2}$ from the well have been measured as $s_{1}$ and $s_{2}$ respectively, for a pumping rate of Q. The transmissivity of the aquifer is equal to
 A $\frac{Q}{2 \pi}\frac{ln \frac{r_{2}}{r_{1}}}{s_{1}-s_{2}}$ B $\frac{Q}{2 \pi}\frac{ln(r_2-r_1)}{(s_{1}-s_{2})}$ C $\frac{Q}{2 \pi}ln(\frac{r_{2}/r_{1}} {s_{2}/s_{1}})$ D $2 \pi Q \frac{r_2-r_1}{ln(\frac{s_2}{s_1})}$
GATE CE 2006   Environmental Engineering
There are 10 questions to complete.