Question 1 |
The state transition diagram for the circuit shown is
A | |
B | |
C | |
D |
Question 1 Explanation:
When A=0, Q_{n+1}=1
When A=1, Q_{n+1}=\bar{Q}_{n}
So, the correct state transition diagram is,
When A=1, Q_{n+1}=\bar{Q}_{n}
So, the correct state transition diagram is,
Question 2 |
In the circuit shown below, a positive edge-triggered D Flip-Flop is used for sampling input
data D_{in} using clock CK. The XOR gate outputs 3.3 volts for logic HIGH and 0 volts for
logic LOW levels. The data bit and clock periods are equal and the value of \Delta T/T_{CK} = 0.15 ,
where the parameters \Delta T and T_{CK} are shown in the figure. Assume that the Flip-Flop and the XOR gate are ideal.
If the probability of input data bit ( D_{in}) transition in each clock period is 0.3, the average value (in volts, accurate to two decimal places) of the voltage at node X , is _______.
If the probability of input data bit ( D_{in}) transition in each clock period is 0.3, the average value (in volts, accurate to two decimal places) of the voltage at node X , is _______.0.84 | |
0.62 | |
0.12 | |
0.92 |
Question 2 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} V_{X(\mathrm{avg})} &=\left[0.3 \times 3.3\left(1-\frac{\Delta T}{T_{C K}}\right)\right]+[0.7 \times 0] \mathrm{V} \\ &=0.3 \times 3.3 \times(1-0.15) \mathrm{V} \\ &=0.3 \times 3.3 \times 0.85 \mathrm{V}=0.8415 \mathrm{V} \end{aligned}
Question 3 |
A traffic signal cycles from GREEN to YELLOW, YELLOW to RED and RED to GREEN.
In each cycle, GREEN is turned on for 70 seconds, YELLOW is turned on for
5 seconds and the RED is turned on for 75 seconds. This traffic light has to be implemented
using a finite state machine (FSM). The only input to this FSM is a clock of 5 second period.
The minimum number of flip-flops required to implement this FSM is _______.
4 | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 |
Question 3 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} \text{GREEN }&\rightarrow 70 \text{seconds}\\ \text { YELLOW } & \rightarrow 5 \text { seconds } \\ \text { RED } &\rightarrow 75 \text { seconds }\\ \text{Clock period }&\rightarrow 5 \text{seconds }\\ \end{aligned}
Total number of unique states required
=\frac{70+5+75}{5}=30
Minimum number of flip-flops required is,
n=\left\lceil\log _{2}(30)\right\rceil=\lceil 4.91\rceil=5
Total number of unique states required
=\frac{70+5+75}{5}=30
Minimum number of flip-flops required is,
n=\left\lceil\log _{2}(30)\right\rceil=\lceil 4.91\rceil=5
Question 4 |
The state diagram of a finite state machine (FSM) designed to detect an overlapping sequence of three bits is shown in the figure. The FSM has an input 'In' and an output 'Out'. The initial state of the FSM is S_{0}.
If the input sequence is 10101101001101, starting with the left-most bit, then the number times 'Out' will be 1 is __________.
If the input sequence is 10101101001101, starting with the left-most bit, then the number times 'Out' will be 1 is __________.
2 | |
3 | |
4 | |
5 |
Question 4 Explanation:
By observing the given state diagram, it is clear
that the FSM can be used to detect the sequence
'101'
It is given in the question that, the FSM detects overlapping sequences also. The given input sequence is,
\underline{101}0\underline{110}1001\underline{101} \quad \Rightarrow So, Output will be 1 for 4 times.
It is given in the question that, the FSM detects overlapping sequences also. The given input sequence is,
\underline{101}0\underline{110}1001\underline{101} \quad \Rightarrow So, Output will be 1 for 4 times.
Question 5 |
A finite state machine (FSM) is implemented using the D flip-flops A and B, and logic gates, as shown in the figure below. The four possible states of the FSM are Q_{A}Q{B}=00,01,10 and 11.
Assume that X_{1N} is held at a constant logic level throughout the operation of the FSM. When the FSM is initialized to the state Q_{A}Q_{B}=00 and clocked, after a few clock cycles, it starts cycling through
Assume that X_{1N} is held at a constant logic level throughout the operation of the FSM. When the FSM is initialized to the state Q_{A}Q_{B}=00 and clocked, after a few clock cycles, it starts cycling through
all of the four possible states if X_{IN}=1 | |
three of the four possible states if X_{IN}=0 | |
only two of the four possible states if X_{IN}=1 | |
only two of the four possible states if X_{IN}=0 |
Question 5 Explanation:
In the given diagram,
D_{A}=Q_{A} \oplus Q_{B} \text { and } D_{B}=\overline{Q_{A} X_{I N}}
For X_{I N}=0:
D_{A}=Q_{A} \oplus Q_{B} \text { and } D_{B}=1
So, for X_{I N}=0, Number of possible states =2
For X_{I N}=1
D_{A}=Q_{A} \oplus Q_{B} \text { and } D_{B}=\bar{Q}_{A}
So, for X_{IN}=1 of possible states = 3
D_{A}=Q_{A} \oplus Q_{B} \text { and } D_{B}=\overline{Q_{A} X_{I N}}
For X_{I N}=0:
D_{A}=Q_{A} \oplus Q_{B} \text { and } D_{B}=1
So, for X_{I N}=0, Number of possible states =2
For X_{I N}=1
D_{A}=Q_{A} \oplus Q_{B} \text { and } D_{B}=\bar{Q}_{A}
So, for X_{IN}=1 of possible states = 3
There are 5 questions to complete.