# GATE EC 2013

 Question 1
A bulb in a staircase has two switches, one switch being at the ground floor and the other one at the first floor. The bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF by any one of the switches irrespective of the state of the other switch. The logic of switching of the bulb resembles
 A an AND gate B an OR gate C an XOR gate D a NAND gate
Digital Circuits   Logic Gates
Question 1 Explanation:
Truth table of XOR gate
$\begin{array}{cc|c} A & B & Y \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{array}$
So, from the XOR gate truth table it is clear that the bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF by any one of the switches irrespective of the state of the other switch.
 Question 2
Consider a vector field ${\overrightarrow{A}}( \overrightarrow{r})$. The closed loop line integral $\int \overrightarrow{A}\cdot \overrightarrow{di}$ can be expressed as
 A $\int \int ( \overline{V}\times \overrightarrow{A} )\cdot \overrightarrow{ds}$ over the closed surface bounded by the loop B $\int \int \int ( \overline{V}\cdot \overrightarrow{A} )dv$ over the closed volume bounded by the loop C $\int \int \int ( \overline{V}\cdot \overrightarrow{A} )dv$ over the open volume bounded by the loop D $\int \int ( \overline{V}\times \overrightarrow{A} )\cdot \overrightarrow{ds}$ over the open surface bounded by the loop
Engineering Mathematics   Calculus
Question 2 Explanation:
According to Stoke's theorem
$\oint_{c} \vec{A} \cdot \vec{d} i=\iint_{s}(\nabla \times \vec{A}) \cdot \overrightarrow{d s}$
 Question 3
Two systems with impulse responses $h_{1}\left ( t \right )$ and $h_{2}\left ( t \right )$ are connected in cascade. Then the overall impulse response of the cascaded system is given by
 A product of $h_{1}\left ( t \right )$ and $h_{2}\left ( t \right )$ B sum of $h_{1}\left ( t \right )$ and $h_{2}\left ( t \right )$ C convolution of $h_{1}\left ( t \right )$ and $h_{2}\left ( t \right )$ D subtraction of $h_{2}\left ( t \right )$ from $h_{1}\left ( t \right )$
Signals and Systems   LTI Systems Continuous and Discrete
Question 3 Explanation:
The overall impulse response h(t) of the cascade system is given by:
$h(t)=h_{1}(t) * h_{2}(t)$
 Question 4
In a forward biased pn junction diode, the sequence of events that best describes the mechanism of current flow is
 A injection, and subsequent diffusion and recombination of minority carriers B injection, and subsequent drift and generation of minority carriers C extraction, and subsequent diffusion and generation of minority carriers D extraction, and subsequent drift and recombination of minority carriers
Electronic Devices   PN-Junction Diodes and Special Diodes
Question 4 Explanation:
In a forward biased pn-junction diode, the current flow is due to diffusion of majority carriers and recombination of minority carriers.
 Question 5
In IC technology, dry oxidation (using dry oxygen) as compared to wet oxidation (using steam or water vapor) produces
 A superior quality oxide with a higher growth rate B inferior quality oxide with a higher growth rate C inferior quality oxide with a lower growth rate D superior quality oxide with a lower growth rate
Electronic Devices   IC Fabrication
Question 5 Explanation:
Dry oxidation has better quality over wet oxidation.
Dry oxidation is slower over wet oxidation.
 Question 6
The maximum value of $\theta$ until which the approximation $\sin \theta \approx \theta$ holds to within 10% error is
 A $10^{\circ}$ B $18^{\circ}$ C $50^{\circ}$ D $90^{\circ}$
Engineering Mathematics   Numerical Methods
Question 6 Explanation:
$10^{\circ}=\frac{10 \pi}{180}=0.1745$
$\sin 10^{\circ}=0.1736$
So, for $10^{\circ} \rightarrow \sin \cong \theta$ holds within 10 % error
\begin{aligned} 18^{\circ} &=\frac{18 \times \pi}{180}=0.3142 \\ \sin 18^{\circ} &=0.3090 \end{aligned}
So, for $18^{\circ} \rightarrow \sin \theta \equiv \theta$ holds within 10% error
$50^{\circ}=\frac{50 \times \pi}{180}=0.8727$
$\sin 50^{\circ}=0.766$
So, for $50^{\circ} \rightarrow \sin \theta \cong \theta$ does not hold within 10 % error
$90^{\circ}=\frac{90 \times \pi}{180}=1.571$
$\sin 90^{\circ}=1$
So, for $90^{\circ} \rightarrow \sin \theta \cong \theta$ does not hold within 10 % error.
So, the maximum value of \theta for the approximation
$\sin \theta \cong \theta \text{ holds to within } 10 \% \text{ error is } 18^{\circ}$
 Question 7
The divergence of the vector field $\overrightarrow{A}=x\hat{a_{x}}+y\hat{a_{y}}+z\hat{a_{x}}$ is
 A $0$ B $1/3$ C $1$ D $3$
Engineering Mathematics   Calculus
Question 7 Explanation:
$\begin{array}{l} \nabla \cdot \vec{A}=\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial y}+\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial z} \\ \nabla \cdot \vec{A}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x)+\frac{\partial}{\partial y}(y)+\frac{\partial}{\partial z}(z)=1+1+1 \\ \nabla \cdot \vec{A}=3 \end{array}$
 Question 8
The impulse response of a system is $h\left ( t \right )= tu\left ( t \right )$. For an input u(t-1), the output is
 A $\frac{t^{2}}{2}u\left ( t \right )$ B $\frac{t(t-1)}{2}u(t-1)$ C $\frac{\left ( t-1 \right )^{2}}{2}u\left ( t-1 \right )$ D $\frac{t^{2}-1}{2}u\left ( t-1 \right )$
Signals and Systems   Laplace Transform
Question 8 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} h(t)&=t u(t) \\ \text{Taking }&\text{Laplace transform}\\ H(s)&=\frac{1}{s^{2}} \\ x(t) &=u(t-1) \\ \text { Taking }&\text{Laplace transform } \\ X(s)&=\frac{e^{-s}}{s} \\ \frac{Y(s)}{X(s)}&=H(s) \\ Y(s)&=H(s) X(s) \\ Y(s)&=\frac{1}{s^{2}} \cdot \frac{e^{-s}}{s}=\frac{e^{-s}}{s^{3}} \\ \text{Taking } &\text{the inverse Laplace transform } \\ y(t)&=\frac{(t-1)^{2}}{2} u(t-1) \\ \end{aligned}
 Question 9
The Bode plot of a transfer function G(s) is shown in the figure below.
The gain $\left ( 20\log\left | G\left ( s \right ) \right | \right )$ is 32 dB and -8 dB at 1 rad/s and 10 rad/s respectively. The phase is negative for all $\omega$. Then G(s) is
 A $\frac{39.8}{s}$ B $\frac{39.8}{s^{2}}$ C $\frac{32}{s}$ D $\frac{32}{s^{2}}$
Control Systems   Frequency Response Analysis
Question 9 Explanation:
$10 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}$ to $1 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}$ is 1 decade
$32-(-8)=40 d B$
So, the slope is 40dB/decade it means there are two poles at origin, it means either option (B) or option (D) is correct put $\omega=1$rad/sec in both the options.
$20 \log \left[\frac{39.8}{(1)^{2}}\right]=32 \mathrm{dB}$
$20 \log \left[\frac{32}{(1)^{2}}\right]=30.1 \mathrm{dB}$
So, option (B) is correct option $=\frac{39.8}{s^{2}}$
 Question 10
In the circuit shown below what is the output voltage $\left ( V_{out} \right )$ if a silicon transistor Q and an ideal op-amp are used?
 A $-15V$ B $-0.7V$ C $+0.7V$ D $+15V$
Analog Circuits   Operational Amplifiers
Question 10 Explanation:
Due to virtual short
$V_{c} = V_{B} = 0V$
(collector voltage of transistor 0)
and given that base voltage of transistor 0
$V_{B} = O_{V}$
So, $V_{C} = O_{V}$
It means collector to base of transistor Oare short circuited.
If any junction of transistor is short circuited then the junction acts as reverse bias. So, the C-B junction is reverse bias. The given op-amp is an inverting configuration which have positive voltage as input. So the output voltage of op-amp will be negative voltage.
$V_{\text{out}}$= -ve voltage
Emitter voltage of transistor
$V_{E}$ = -ve voltage
given transistor is n-p-ntransistor and
$V_{B}$ = OV
$V_{E}$ = -ve voltage
So, the E-8 junction will be forward bias. Thus, the transistor is in active region and will behave as closed switch.
So,
\begin{aligned} V_{B E} &=0.7 \mathrm{V} \quad \text { (for silicon transistor) } \\ \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{B}}-\mathrm{V}_{E} &=0.7 \mathrm{V} \\ \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{E}} &=\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{B}}-0.7 \\ \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{E}} &=0-0.7 \\ \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{E}} &=-0.7 \mathrm{V} \end{aligned}
There are 10 questions to complete.