Question 1 |
Consider a permanent magnet dc (PMDC) motor which is initially at rest. At t=0, a
dc voltage of 5 V is applied to the motor. Its speed monotonically increases from 0 rad/s
to 6.32 rad/s in 0.5 s and finally settles to 10 rad/s. Assuming that the armature
inductance of the motor is negligible, the transfer function for the motor is
\frac{10}{0.5s+1} | |
\frac{2}{0.5s+1} | |
\frac{2}{s+0.5} | |
\frac{10}{s+0.5} |
Question 1 Explanation:
\begin{aligned}
\text{Input} &= 5 V \\ \Rightarrow \; R(s)&=\frac{5}{s} \\ \frac{C(s)}{R(s)}&=T.F.=\frac{K}{1+Ts} \\ C(s)&=\frac{5K}{s(1+Ts)} \\ \lim_{s\rightarrow 0}&=5K=10\\ \Rightarrow \; K&=2\\ \text{Steady state speed}&=10 \text{ rad/sec.(Given)} \\ C(s)&=\frac{2}{1+0.5s}\times \frac{5}{s} \\ \Rightarrow \; \lim_{s\rightarrow 0}sC(s)&=10
\end{aligned}
Question 2 |
A 250 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.2\Omega and a field resistance of
100\Omega. When the motor is operated on no-load at rated voltage. It draws an armature
current of 5 A and runs at 1200 rpm. When a load is coupled to the motor, it draws
total line current of 50 A at rated voltage, with a 5% reduction in the air-gap flux due
to armature reaction. Voltage drop across the brushes can be taken as 1 V per brush
under all operating conditions. The speed of the motor, in rpm, under this loaded
condition, is closest to:
1200 | |
1000 | |
1220 | |
900 |
Question 2 Explanation:
no load current 5 A
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\begin{aligned}
B.R.D&=\text{1 V per brush}\\ \text{loaded, }I_{L}&=50 A \\R_{sh}&=100 \Omega\\ I_{sh}&=\frac{250}{100}=2.5\: A \\I_{a0}&=2.5\: A\\I_{aL}&=47.5\: A \\V&=E_{b}+I_{a}R_{a}+B.R.D\\ E_{b\, no\, load}&=V-I_{a0}R_{a}-B.R.D \\&=250-2.5(0.2)-1\times 2 \\&=247.5\, Volts \\E_{b\, load}&=250-47.5(0.2)-1\times 2 \\&=238.5\, volts\\ \frac{N_{2}}{N_{1}}&=\frac{E_{b_{2}}}{E_{b_{1}}}\times \frac{\phi_{1} }{\phi _{2}} \\ \frac{N_{2}}{1200}&=\frac{238.5}{247.5}\times \frac{\phi _{1}}{0.95\phi_{1}}\\ N_{2}&=1217.22\, rpm
\end{aligned}
Question 3 |
A 220 V DC shunt motor takes 3 A at no-load. It draws 25 A when running at full-load at 1500 rpm. The armature and shunt resistances are 0.5 \Omega and 220 \Omega,respectively. The no-load speed in rpm (round off to two decimal places) is ________
4562.82 | |
7896.28 | |
1579.33 | |
1583.44 |
Question 3 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} &\text{At full load condition,}\\ N_1&=1500 \; \text{rpm} \\ I_1 &=25A \\ I_f&= \frac{220V}{200\Omega }=1A\\ I_{a1}&=I_1-I_f=24A \\ E_{g1}&=V-I_{a1}R_a \\ &=220-24 \times 0.5=208V \\ &\text{At no-load condition,}\\ I_2&= 3A\\ I_f&= 1A\\ I_{a2}&=I_2-I_f=2A \\ E_{g2}&=220-2 \times 0.5=219V \\ E_g&\propto \phi N \\ & \text{Flux id constant,}\\ E_g&\propto N \\ \frac{E_{g2}}{E_{g1}}&=\frac{N_2}{N_1} \\ \frac{219}{208}&=\frac{N_2}{1500} \\ N_2&= 1579.33 \;\text{rpm} \end{aligned}
Question 4 |
A 200 V DC series motor, when operating from rated voltage while driving a certain load,
draws 10 A current and runs at 1000 r.p.m. The total series resistance is 1 \Omega. The magnetic
circuit is assumed to be linear. At the same supply voltage, the load torque is increased by
44%. The speed of the motor in r.p.m. (rounded to the nearest integer) is ________ .
253 | |
825 | |
365 | |
412 |
Question 4 Explanation:
Form circuit diagram,
\begin{aligned} E_{b1} &=V-I_a(R_a+R_{se}) \\ &= 200-10(1)=190V\\ N_1&= 1000rpm \end{aligned}
Load torque increased by 44% (T\propto I_a^2)
\begin{aligned} \therefore \; \frac{T_2}{T_1} &=\left ( \frac{I_{a2}}{I_{a1}} \right )^2 \\ \Rightarrow \;\; \frac{1.44T_1}{T_1} &=\left ( \frac{I_{a2}}{10} \right )^2 \\ \therefore \;\; I_{a2}^2&= 144\\ I_{a2}&= 12A\\ &\text{At same voltage,}\\ E_{b2}&=V-I_{a2}(R_a+R_{se}) \\ \therefore \;\; E_{b2} &= 200-12(1)=188V\\ &\text{For series motor,}\\ N&\propto \frac{E_b}{\phi }\;\;(\phi \propto I_a) \\ \frac{N_2}{N_1}&=\frac{E_{b2}}{E_{b1}} \times \frac{I_{a1}}{I_{a2}}\\ \frac{N_2}{1000} &=\frac{188}{190}\times \frac{10}{12} \\ N_2&=824.56\; \text{rpm}\\ &\simeq 825\; \text{rpm} \end{aligned}
\begin{aligned} E_{b1} &=V-I_a(R_a+R_{se}) \\ &= 200-10(1)=190V\\ N_1&= 1000rpm \end{aligned}
Load torque increased by 44% (T\propto I_a^2)
\begin{aligned} \therefore \; \frac{T_2}{T_1} &=\left ( \frac{I_{a2}}{I_{a1}} \right )^2 \\ \Rightarrow \;\; \frac{1.44T_1}{T_1} &=\left ( \frac{I_{a2}}{10} \right )^2 \\ \therefore \;\; I_{a2}^2&= 144\\ I_{a2}&= 12A\\ &\text{At same voltage,}\\ E_{b2}&=V-I_{a2}(R_a+R_{se}) \\ \therefore \;\; E_{b2} &= 200-12(1)=188V\\ &\text{For series motor,}\\ N&\propto \frac{E_b}{\phi }\;\;(\phi \propto I_a) \\ \frac{N_2}{N_1}&=\frac{E_{b2}}{E_{b1}} \times \frac{I_{a1}}{I_{a2}}\\ \frac{N_2}{1000} &=\frac{188}{190}\times \frac{10}{12} \\ N_2&=824.56\; \text{rpm}\\ &\simeq 825\; \text{rpm} \end{aligned}
Question 5 |
A separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance R_{a}= 0.05\Omega. The field excitation is kept constant. At an armature voltage of 100 V, the motor produces a torque of 500 Nm at zero speed. Neglecting all mechanical losses, the no-load speed of the motor (in radian/s) for an armature voltage of 150 V is _____ (up to 2 decimal places).
50 | |
500 | |
600 | |
850 |
Question 5 Explanation:
Given separately initiated DC motor,
Field excitaion is constant,
Producing a torque of 500 N-m
\begin{aligned} &\text{At zero speed,}\\ \because \; N&= 0,\; E_b=0\\ E_b &= V-I_aR_a\\ 0&= 100-I_a(0.05)\\ \therefore \; I_{a1} &=\frac{100}{0.05} =2000A\\ T &= \frac{60}{2 \pi N}E_bI_a\\ &= \frac{60}{2 \pi N}\frac{\phi ZNP}{60A}\cdot I_a\\ \text{Let,}\;\; T_1&=\frac{1}{2 \pi}\frac{ZP}{A}\phi I_{a1}\;\text{N-m} \\ \text{Let,}\;\; T_1 &=kI_{a1} \\ \text{where,}\;\; k &= \frac{1}{2 \pi}\frac{ZP \phi}{A}\\ T_1 &= 500 \text{N-m}, \\ I_{a1}&=2000A\\ k&=\frac{500}{2000}=0.25 \end{aligned}
When motor runs on no-load given all mechanical losses neglected. No-load current is negligible and the voltage drop at no-load can be negligible.
\begin{aligned} \therefore \;\;E_b &\simeq V=150V \\ E_b&= \frac{\phi ZNP}{60A}\\ \text{Already solved,}\\ k&=\frac{1}{2\pi} \frac{ZP \phi }{A}\\ \therefore \;\;\frac{ZP \phi }{A} &=2 \pi (k) \\ \therefore \;\; E_b &= 2 \pi (k) \cdot \frac{N}{60}\\ \therefore \;\; E_b&= k \times \omega \\ (\omega : & \text{No-load speed in rad/sec})\\ \therefore \;\;\omega &= \frac{E_b}{k}\\ \therefore \;\;\omega &= \frac{150}{0.25}\\ \omega &= 600 \text{rad/sec} \end{aligned}
Field excitaion is constant,
Producing a torque of 500 N-m
\begin{aligned} &\text{At zero speed,}\\ \because \; N&= 0,\; E_b=0\\ E_b &= V-I_aR_a\\ 0&= 100-I_a(0.05)\\ \therefore \; I_{a1} &=\frac{100}{0.05} =2000A\\ T &= \frac{60}{2 \pi N}E_bI_a\\ &= \frac{60}{2 \pi N}\frac{\phi ZNP}{60A}\cdot I_a\\ \text{Let,}\;\; T_1&=\frac{1}{2 \pi}\frac{ZP}{A}\phi I_{a1}\;\text{N-m} \\ \text{Let,}\;\; T_1 &=kI_{a1} \\ \text{where,}\;\; k &= \frac{1}{2 \pi}\frac{ZP \phi}{A}\\ T_1 &= 500 \text{N-m}, \\ I_{a1}&=2000A\\ k&=\frac{500}{2000}=0.25 \end{aligned}
When motor runs on no-load given all mechanical losses neglected. No-load current is negligible and the voltage drop at no-load can be negligible.
\begin{aligned} \therefore \;\;E_b &\simeq V=150V \\ E_b&= \frac{\phi ZNP}{60A}\\ \text{Already solved,}\\ k&=\frac{1}{2\pi} \frac{ZP \phi }{A}\\ \therefore \;\;\frac{ZP \phi }{A} &=2 \pi (k) \\ \therefore \;\; E_b &= 2 \pi (k) \cdot \frac{N}{60}\\ \therefore \;\; E_b&= k \times \omega \\ (\omega : & \text{No-load speed in rad/sec})\\ \therefore \;\;\omega &= \frac{E_b}{k}\\ \therefore \;\;\omega &= \frac{150}{0.25}\\ \omega &= 600 \text{rad/sec} \end{aligned}
Question 6 |
A 120 V DC shunt motor takes 2 A at no load. It takes 7 A on full load while running at 1200
rpm. The armature resistance is 0.8 \Omega , and the shunt field resistance is 240\Omega . The no load speed, in rpm, is _______________.
1856 | |
1479 | |
3214 | |
1242 |
Question 6 Explanation:
Shunt motor take 7A on full load and runs at 1200 rpm.
\begin{aligned} \therefore \; E_{b1} &=120-65(0.8) \\ E_{b1} &= 114.8V\\ N_1&=1200\;\text{rpm} \end{aligned}
Shunt motor takes 2A at no load
\begin{aligned} E_{b2} &=120-1.5(0.8)=118.8 \\ & \text{For shunt motor,}\\ \frac{N_2}{N_1} &= \frac{E_{b2}}{E_{b1}}\\ \therefore \; N_2&=\frac{118.8}{114.8}\times 1200\\ &=1241.81 \text{rpm} \end{aligned}
\begin{aligned} \therefore \; E_{b1} &=120-65(0.8) \\ E_{b1} &= 114.8V\\ N_1&=1200\;\text{rpm} \end{aligned}
Shunt motor takes 2A at no load
\begin{aligned} E_{b2} &=120-1.5(0.8)=118.8 \\ & \text{For shunt motor,}\\ \frac{N_2}{N_1} &= \frac{E_{b2}}{E_{b1}}\\ \therefore \; N_2&=\frac{118.8}{114.8}\times 1200\\ &=1241.81 \text{rpm} \end{aligned}
Question 7 |
A 220 V, 10 kW, 900 rpm separately excited DC motor has an armature resistance R_a=0.02\Omega.
When the motor operates at rated speed and with rated terminal voltage, the electromagnetic
torque developed by the motor is 70 Nm. Neglecting the rotational losses of the machine, the
current drawn by the motor from the 220 V supply is
34.2A | |
30A | |
22A | |
4.84A |
Question 7 Explanation:
\begin{aligned}
\text{Neglecting rotor loss,}&\\
E_bI_a &= 10kW\\
(V-I_aR_a)I_a &= 10kW\\
(220-I_a(0.02))I_a &= 10000\\
220I_a-0.02I_a^2-10000 &=0 \\
0.02I_a^2-220I_a+10000&=0\\
\text{By sloving,}\;\; & I_a=45.75A\\
\text{Torque corrosponding,}&\\
T&=\frac{60}{2\pi N}E_bI_a\\
\therefore \; T&=\frac{60}{2 \pi (900)}10000\\
&=106.15N-m
\end{aligned}
Separately excited motor,
\therefore \;\;T \propto I_a
For a torque 106.15 N-m
I_a=45.75A
For a torque 70 N-m,
New I_a=\frac{70 \times 45.75}{106.15}=30.16A
Separately excited motor,
\therefore \;\;T \propto I_a
For a torque 106.15 N-m
I_a=45.75A
For a torque 70 N-m,
New I_a=\frac{70 \times 45.75}{106.15}=30.16A
Question 8 |
A separately excited DC generator supplies 150 A to a 145 V DC grid. The generator is running
at 800 RPM. The armature resistance of the generator is 0.1 \Omega. If the speed of the generator is increased to 1000 RPM, the current in amperes supplied by the generator to the DC grid is _______.
200 | |
55 | |
550 | |
145 |
Question 8 Explanation:
Given, R_a=0.1\Omega
As, DC generator is connected with DC grid, the output voltage will be constant.
When generator is running at 800 rpm,
Generator emf,
\begin{aligned} E_{a1} &=V+I_{a1}R-a \\ &= 145+150 \times 0.1\\ &= 160V \end{aligned}
When generator is running at 1000 rpm,
Generator emf,
\begin{aligned} E_{a2} &=E_{a1} \times \frac{N_2}{N_1}\\ &= 160 \times \frac{1000}{800}\\ &= 200V \end{aligned}
So, new armature currrent will be,
\begin{aligned} I_{a2} &=\frac{E_{a2}-V}{R_a}\\ &= \frac{200-145}{0.1}\\ &= 550A \end{aligned}
Question 9 |
A 220 V DC series motor runs drawing a current of 30 A from the supply. Armature and field
circuit resistances are 0.4 \Omega and 0.1 \Omega respectively. The load torque varies as the square of the speed. The flux in the motor may be taken as being proportional to the armature current. To reduce the speed of the motor by 50% the resistance in ohms that should be added in series with the armature is _________.
5.25 | |
10.75 | |
20.25 | |
40.75 |
Question 9 Explanation:
\begin{aligned}
T &\propto N^2 \\
\phi &\propto I_a \\
T &\propto I_a^2\\
\therefore \; N^2 &\propto I_a^2 \\
\therefore \; \frac{N_2}{N_1}&= \frac{I_{a2}}{I_{a1}}\\
\therefore \; 0.5&= \frac{I_{a2}}{30}\\
\Rightarrow \; I_{a2}&=15A \\
&\text{For series motor,}\\
\frac{N_2}{N_1} &= \frac{E_{b2}}{E_{b1}}\times \frac{I_{a1}}{I_{a2}}\\
\therefore \; 0.5 &= \frac{E_{b2}}{E_{b1}} \times \frac{30}{15}\\
\therefore \; \frac{E_{b2}}{E_{b1}}&= 0.25\\
E_{b1} &=220-30(0.4+0.1) \\
E_{b1} &=205V \\
\therefore \; E_{b2}&=51.25V \\
\therefore \; E_{b2} &= V-I_{a2}(R_a+R_{se}+R_{ext})\\
51.25 &= 220-15(0.4+0.1+R_{ext})\\
\therefore \;R_{ext}&=10.75\Omega
\end{aligned}
Question 10 |
A DC shunt generator delivers 45 A at a terminal voltage of 220 V. The armature and the shunt
field resistances are 0.01 \Omega and 44 \Omega respectively. The stray losses are 375 W. The percentage efficiency of the DC generator is ____________.
160.25 | |
48.25 | |
86.84 | |
44.65 |
Question 10 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} \text{Stay losses} &= 375 \; \text{Watt}\\ & \text{Total copper losses}\\ &= I_a^2R_a+I_{sh}^2R_{sh}\\ &= 50^2 \times (0.01)+(5^2)\times 44\\ &= 1125\; \text{Watt}\\ h &=\frac{\text{Output}}{\text{Output}+\text{losses}} \\ &= \frac{220 \times 45}{220 \times 45+(1125)+375}\\ &= 0.86842 \;\text{or} \; 86.84\% \end{aligned}
There are 10 questions to complete.
