# Manufacturing Engineering

 Question 1
A cylindrical billet of 100 mm diameter and 100 mm length is extruded by a direct extrusion process to produce a bar of $L$-section. The cross sectional dimensions of this $L$-section bar are shown in the figure. The total extrusion pressure ($p$) in MPa for the above process is related to extrusion ratio (r) as
$p=K_s\sigma _m\left [ 0.8+1.5 \ln (r)+\frac{2l}{d_0} \right ]$
where $\sigma _m$ is the mean flow strength of the billet material in MPa, $l$ is the portion of the billet length remaining to be extruded in mm, $d_0$ is the initial diameter of the billet in mm, and $K$ is the die shape factor.
If the mean flow strength of the billet material is 50 MPa and the die shape factor is 1.05, then the maximum force required at the start of extrusion is ________ kN (round off to one decimal place).

 A 865.3 B 2429.3 C 2145.6 D 1254.5
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Forming Process
Question 1 Explanation:
Original length of the billet $(L_0)=100mm$
Original diameter of billet $(d_0)=100mm$
Mean flow stress of billet material $(\sigma _m)=50MPa$
Die Shape factor$K_S=1.05$
Original Cross Sectional Area of Billet
$A_0=\frac{\pi}{4}d_0^2=\frac{\pi}{4}100^2=7853.981$
Cross sectional area of extruded product
$A_f=(10 \times 50)+ (10 \times 50)=1000 mm^2$
Extrusion ratio $r=\frac{A_0}{A_f}=\frac{7853.9816}{1000}=7.854$
Extrusion pressure will be maximum at the start of extrusion process where $L_0=100mm$
\begin{aligned} P_{max}&= K_S\sigma _m\left [ 0.8+1.5 \ln (r)+\frac{2L_0}{d_0} \right ]\\ &=1.05 \times 50 \left [ 0.8+1.5 \ln (7.854)+\frac{2 \times 100}{100} \right ]\\ &=309.305 MPa \end{aligned}
Maximum Extrusion force
\begin{aligned} F_{max}&= P_{max} \times A_0\\ &=309.305 \times \frac{\pi}{4}(100)^2\\ &=2429265.97N\\ &=2429.3kN \end{aligned}
 Question 2
In a direct current arc welding process, the power source has an open circuit voltage of 100 V and short circuit current of 1000 A. Assume a linear relationship between voltage and current. The arc voltage ($V$) varies with the arc length ($l$) as $V = 10 + 5l$, where $V$ is in volts and $l$ is in mm. The maximum available arc power during the process is _________ kVA (in integer).
 A 80 B 120 C 180 D 25
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Joining-Welding
Question 2 Explanation:
Given, OCV = 100 V and SCC = 1000 A
Voltage Arc length characteristic $V_{arc}=10+5l$
We have,
\begin{aligned} V_P&=OCV-\frac{OCV}{SCC}I\\ V_P&=100-\frac{100}{1000}I\\ _P&=100-\frac{I}{10} \end{aligned}
For stable arc
\begin{aligned} V_{arc}&=V_P\\ 10+5l&=100-\frac{I}{10}\\ I&=900-50l\\ \text{Arc Power} (P)&=V \times I\\ P&=(10+5l)(900-50l)\\ P&=9000+4000l-250l^2 \end{aligned}
For Maximum Arc Power
\begin{aligned} \frac{dP}{dl}&=0\\ \frac{d}{dl}(9000+400l-250l^2)&=0\\ l=4000/500&=8mm \end{aligned}
Hence, for Maximum arc power, arc length is 8 mm
Voltage at $l=8mm$
\begin{aligned} V&=10+5l\\ V&=10+( 5 \times 8)\\ V&=50 \;Volt \end{aligned}
Current at $l=8mm$
\begin{aligned} I&=900-50l\\ I&=900-( 50 \times 8)\\ I&=500 \;A \end{aligned}
Maximum Arc Power
\begin{aligned} P_{max}&= V \times I\\ P_{max}&=50 \times 500\\ &=25000VA\\ &=25 kVA \end{aligned}
 Question 3
The best size wire is fitted in a groove of a metric screw such that the wire touches the flanks of the thread on the pitch line as shown in the figure. The pitch (p) and included angle of the thread are 4 mm and $60^{\circ}$ , respectively. The diameter of the best size wire is ___________ mm (round off to 2 decimal places).

 A 1.12 B 2.31 C 4.25 D 3.36
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Metrology and Inspection
Question 3 Explanation:
Pitch $(p) = 4 mm$
Thread angle $2\alpha =60^{\circ}$
Semi Thread Angle $\alpha =30^{\circ}$
Diameter of best size wire
\begin{aligned} d_w&=\frac{p}{2}\sec \alpha \\ d_w&=\frac{4}{2} \sec 30^{\circ}\\ d_w&=2.039 mm=2.31mm \end{aligned}
 Question 4
In an orthogonal machining operation, the cutting and thrust forces are equal in magnitude. The uncut chip thickness is 0.5 mm and the shear angle is $15^{\circ}$ . The orthogonal rake angle of the tool is $0^{\circ}$ and the width of cut is 2 mm. The workpiece material is perfectly plastic and its yield shear strength is 500 MPa. The cutting force is _________ N (round off to the nearest integer).
 A 5247 B 1245 C 2732 D 3214
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Machining and Machine Tool Operation
Question 4 Explanation:
Given, $F_C=F_T$
Uncut chip thickness $(t_1)=0.5mm$
Shear angle $(\phi )=15^{\circ}$
Orthogonal rake angle $\alpha =0^{\circ}$
Width of cut $w=2mm$
Shear strength $(\tau _S) =500MPa$
Cutting force $f_c=$ ____N
\begin{aligned} F_S&=F_C \cos \phi -F_T \sin \phi \\ &=F_C \cos \phi -F_C \sin \phi \\ \\ &= F_C(\cos \phi - \sin \phi)\\ F_C&=\frac{F_S}{\cos \phi - \sin \phi} \\ &= \frac{\tau _S\cdot w\cdot t_1}{\sin \phi (\cos \phi - \sin \phi)}\\ &=\frac{500 \times 2 \times 0.5}{\sin 15^{\circ}(\cos 15^{\circ}-\sin 15^{\circ})}\\ &=2732 N \end{aligned}
 Question 5
A straight-teeth horizontal slab milling cutter is shown in the figure. It has 4 teeth and diameter (D) of 200 mm. The rotational speed of the cutter is 100 rpm and the linear feed given to the workpiece is 1000 mm/minute. The width of the workpiece (w) is 100 mm, and the entire width is milled in a single pass of the cutter. The cutting force/tooth is given by $F = K t_cw$, where specific cutting force $K = 10 N/mm^2 , \; w$ is the width of cut, and $t_c$ is the uncut chip thickness.
The depth of cut ($d$) is $D/2$, and hence the assumption of $\frac{d}{D} \lt \lt 1$ is invalid. The maximum cutting force required is __________ kN (round off to one decimal place).

 A 1.8 B 2.5 C 3.2 D 2.9
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Machining and Machine Tool Operation
Question 5 Explanation:
Given data, No. of teeth $(n)=4$
Diameter of cutter $(D) = 200 mm$
Rotational speed $(N) = 100 rpm$
Linear feed to work piece = 1000 mm/min
Width of work piece $(w) = 100 mm$
Cutting force/tooth $= F = K t_c w$
Specific cutting force $= K = 10 N/mm^2$
Depth of cut $(d)= D/2$
$Feed(f) = 1000/100 = 10 mm/rev$
Uncut chip thickness $=t_c$
Maximum uncut chip thickness $(t_c)_{max}$
\begin{aligned} &=\frac{2f}{n}\sqrt{d/D(1-d/D)}\\ &=\frac{2 \times 10}{4}\sqrt{\frac{D/2}{D}\left ( 1- \frac{D/2}{D}\right )}\\ &=5\sqrt{1/2(1-1/2)}=2.5mm\\ &\text{Maximum force }\\ (F)_{max}&=K(t_c)_{max}\cdot w\\ &=10 \times 2.5 \times 100\\ &=2500N=2.5kN \end{aligned}
 Question 6
Which of these processes involve(s) melting in metallic workpieces?

MSQ
 A Electrochemical machining B Electric discharge machining C Laser beam machining D Electron beam machining
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Machining and Machine Tool Operation
Question 6 Explanation:

Non traditional thermal energy process includes electrical discharge machining (EDM), electron beam machining (EBM), and laser beam machining (LBM). EDM removes metal by a series of discrete electrical discharge (sparks) that cause localized temperatures high enough to melt or vaporize the metal in the immediate vicinity of the discharge. EBM adopts a high velocity stream of electrons focused on the workpiece surface to remove material by melting and vaporization. LBM employs the light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation.
 Question 7
Consider sand casting of a cube of edge length a. A cylindrical riser is placed at the top of the casting. Assume solidification time, $t_s\propto V/A$, where $V$ isthe volume and $A$ is the total surface area dissipating heat. If the top of the riser is insulated, which of the following radius/radii of riser is/are acceptable?

MSQ
 A $\frac{a}{3}$ B $\frac{a}{2}$ C $\frac{a}{4}$ D $\frac{a}{6}$
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Casting Process
Question 7 Explanation:
Riser should take more time for solidification than casting $\left ( \frac{V}{A} \right )_r\geq\left ( \frac{V}{A} \right )_c$
For top riser bottom area is not cooling surface and it is given that top cross section is also insulated. So only lateral area is cooling area.
$\frac{\frac{\pi}{4}D^2H}{\pi DH}\geq \frac{a^3}{6a^2}\Rightarrow \frac{D}{4}\geq \frac{a}{6}\Rightarrow D\geq \frac{2a}{3}$
Therefore, Radius $R\geq \frac{a}{3}$.
only answer is available $\frac{a}{2}$.
 Question 8
Which one of the following CANNOT impart linear motion in a CNC machine?
 A Linear motor B Ball screw C Lead screw D Chain and sprocket
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Question 8 Explanation:
Chain and Sprocket mechanism is not used in CNC Machines.
Linear Motors Recently linear motors are being increasingly considered for use in high performance CNC machine tools. The linear motor consists of a series of magnets attached to the machine base and a set of electrical coils potted around a steel laminate core attached to the moving slide.
The fact that there are no mechanical parts in contact means that there is no wear periodic maintenance required. Linear motors are not limited in travel like ball screws. Larger bare required to achieve high velocity, with a longer travel to prevent undue vibration.
This larger ball screw results in a higher inertia. This means a larger motor with more torque is required (introduction inertia) and the responsiveness and bandwidth of the system is reduced, resulting in poor servo performance.
Machines built with linear motors and all-digital drive systems can produce parts with higher accuracy and tighter tolerances at higher feeds and speeds. Also, they reduce significantly the non-machining time with high acceleration and deceleration rates.
 Question 9
Match the additive manufacturing technique in Column I with its corresponding input material in Column II.

P. Fused deposition modelling
Q. Laminated object manufacturing
R. Selective laser sintering

Input material (Column II)
1. Photo sensitive liquid resin
2. Heat fusible powder
3. Filament of polymer
4. Sheet of thermoplastic or green compacted metal sheet
 A P-3, Q-4, R-2 B P-1, Q-2, R-4 C P-2, Q-3, R-1 D P-4, Q-1, R-4
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Question 9 Explanation:
Fused-deposition modeling consists of a computercontrolled extruder, through which a polymer filament is deposited to produce a part slice by slice.

Laminated-object manufacturing uses a laser beam or vinyl cutter to first cut the slices on paper or plastic sheets (laminations); then it applies an adhesive layer, if necessary and finally stacks the sheets to produce the part.

Selective laser sintering uses a high-powered laser beam to sinter powders or coatings on the powders in a desired pattern. Selective laser sintering has been applied to polymers, sand, ceramics, and metals.
 Question 10
A shaft of diameter $25^{^{-0.04}}_{-0.07}$mm is assembled in a hole of diameter $25^{^{+0.02}}_{0.00}$mm.
Match the allowance and limit parameter in Column I with its corresponding quantitative value in Column II for this shaft-hole assembly.

Allowance and limit parameter (Column I)
P. Allowance
Q. Maximum clearance
R. Maximum material limit for hole

Quantitative value (Column II)
1. 0.09 mm
2. 24.96 mm
3. 0.04 mm
4. 25.0 mm
 A P-3, Q-1, R-4 B P-1, Q-3, R-2 C P-1, Q-3, R-4 D P-3, Q-1, R-2
GATE ME 2022 SET-2      Metrology and Inspection
Question 10 Explanation:

(1) Allowance = Lower limit of hole - upper limit of shaft
Allowance = 25.00 - 24.96 = 0.04 mm

(2) Maximum clearance $C_{max}$ = Upper limit of hole - lower limit of shaft
$C_{max}$ = 25.02 - 24.93 = 0.09 mm

(3) Maximum material limit for hole = minimum size of hole = 25.00

There are 10 questions to complete.

### 1 thought on “Manufacturing Engineering”

1. question number -12 is mostly to engineering mechanics than metrology, manufacturing